注: 本文基于es版本7.12 请注意自己的版本
mapping是不支持删除属性的,只能新增
官方api地址: Update Mapping API
首先,创建一条index并指定mapping

PUT localhost:9200/test_update
{
    "mappings":{
        "properties":{
            "name":{"type":"text"}
        }
    }
}

result:
{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "test_update"
}

创建成功,我们查看一下:

GET localhost:9200/test_update?pretty

result:
{
    "test_update": {
        "aliases": {},
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                }
            }
        },
        "settings": {
            "index": {
                "routing": {
                    "allocation": {
                        "include": {
                            "_tier_preference": "data_content"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "number_of_shards": "1",
                "provided_name": "test_update",
                "creation_date": "1631243390352",
                "number_of_replicas": "1",
                "uuid": "GcIht86HTkqBMnbAxeOpJw",
                "version": {
                    "created": "7120199"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

可以看到,当前只有一条属性为name,我们尝试修改mapping新增一条属性sex

PUT localhost:9200/test_update/_mapping

{
     "properties":{
         "sex":{"type":"text"}
     }
}

result:
{
    "acknowledged": true
}

操作成功,查看一下

GET localhost:9200/test_update?pretty

result:
{
    "test_update": {
        "aliases": {},
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "sex": {
                    "type": "text"
                }
            }
        },
        "settings": {
            "index": {
                "routing": {
                    "allocation": {
                        "include": {
                            "_tier_preference": "data_content"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "number_of_shards": "1",
                "provided_name": "test_update",
                "creation_date": "1631243390352",
                "number_of_replicas": "1",
                "uuid": "GcIht86HTkqBMnbAxeOpJw",
                "version": {
                    "created": "7120199"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

可以看到新增了一条sex属性

后续补充nested结构…

如有错误,欢迎指正