◆ 查看系统内存的大小

	grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

交换空间(swap)的大小取决于物理内存的大小，参照如下:

    ◆ 查看交换内存的大小

	[root@bogon ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

    ◆ /tmp目录空间至少大于1G

    ◆ oracle安装目录建议大于10G

    ◆ 操作系统

    ◆ 校验安装包是否安装，根据输出的结果，判断是否需要安装

	rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-2.5 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers pdksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

    ◆ 创建oinstall用户组

		/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

    ◆ 创建dba用户组

		/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba

    ◆ 创建oracle用户

		/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

    ◆ 修改/etc/sysctl.conf，如果值存在，修改，不存在，则添加

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

    ◆ 使立即生效

sbin/sysctl -p

    ◆ 推荐的配置如下:

      修改/etc/security/limits.conf在末尾加上如下配置：

oracle   soft   nofile    65536
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

    使用oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall来简化oracle的安装
这个包是oracle官方提供给安装oracle用户的，用来简化oracle软件的安装。执行这个步骤，可以省略上述带有删除线的步骤。

    ◆ 根据操作系统的版本，选择合适的yum源:

	unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /upload/
	unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /upload/
	chown -R  oracle:oinstall /upload/database/

    oracle解压缩之后，在database/response中存放着一些应答文件的模板，可以使用这些应答模板进行修改，来执行非交互式的数据库软件和数据库的安装。

    ◆ dbca.rsp：创建数据库的应答文件模板

    ◆ db_install.rsp：安装数据库软件的应答文件模板：

    ◆ netca.rsp：配置oracle中的网络使用的应答文件的模板

	cd /u01/app/oracle
	
	mkdir responseFiles
	
	cp /upload/database/response/* responseFiles/
	
	cp responseFiles/db_install.rsp responseFiles/enterprise.rsp
	
	chown -R oracle:oinstall responseFiles
	
	chmod -R 755 responseFiles/

enterprise.rsp中改动的内容如下:

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY // 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb // 主机名称（hostname查询）
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall // 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE // oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false //自定义安装，否，使用默认组件
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba // dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl //SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512//自动管理内存的内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false（手动写了false）
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true(如果不设置成true，安装失败，会提示输入邮件地址)

	 cd database/
	 su - oracle
	 cd /upload/database/
	 ./runInstaller -silent -force -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/responseFiles/enterprise.rsp
	
	
	-silent：z指定安装的类型
	
	-ignoreSysPrereqs：忽略系统先决条件的检查
	
	-ignorePrereq：忽略系统运行条件的检查
	
	-ignorePrereq：执行应答文件的位置

    当日志出现如下时，以root用户登录，执行以下脚本:

	To execute the configuration scripts:
	
	1. Open a terminal window 
	
	2. Log in as "root" 
	
	3. Run the scripts 
	
	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
	
	
	
	/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
	
	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh 
	要执行配置脚本, 请执行以下操作:
	
	     1. 打开一个终端窗口
	
	     2. 以 "root" 身份登录
	
	     3. 运行脚本
	
	     4. 返回此窗口并按 "Enter" 键继续




	sh /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
	
	sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

	sqlplus / as sysdba

	出现如下时，说明oracle实例安装完成
	
	SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Mar 17 12:16:29 2018
	
	Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
	
	Connected to an idle instance.

	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/adump #oracle相关日志的存放位置
	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl   #oracle数据文件的存放位置
	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/db_1 #oracle闪存恢复的工作空间

vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora


ORCL.__db_cache_size=486539264
ORCL.__java_pool_size=16777216
ORCL.__large_pool_size=16777216
ORCL.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'
ORCL.__pga_aggregate_target=620756992
ORCL.__sga_target=973078528
ORCL.__shared_io_pool_size=0
ORCL.__shared_pool_size=402653184
ORCL.__streams_pool_size=33554432
*.aq_tm_processes=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='db1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=0
*.memory_target=400M
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

	SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora;
	出现如下信息，则说明数据库切换到nomount状态成功
	
	ORACLE instance started.
	
	Total System Global Area  417546240 bytes
	Fixed Size          2213936 bytes
	Variable Size         268437456 bytes
	Database Buffers      142606336 bytes
	Redo Buffers            4288512 bytes
	SQL> 

    ◆ 执行语句

CREATE DATABASE db1
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   LOGFILE 
       GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
   DATAFILE 
      '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE
      '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

    ◆ 执行create database语句出错， 删除相关目录，重新执行create语句

		rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump/*
		rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*

	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
	SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql#[以system用户运行]
	#==================create statpack=================
	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/spcreate;   
	#==========下面三个脚本是重建重建WMSYS用户的WMSYS.WM_CONCAT===========
	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owmctab.plb;
	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owmaggrs.plb;
	SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owmaggrb.plb;

注：如果不执行 spcreate脚本，生成ASH时，可能会报如下错误:
Ora-20200: No Ash Samples Exist For Database/Instance

LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/soft/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME=orcl))
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=plsextproc)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/soft/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM=extproc)))

orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.133)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
    )
  )